ORGANIC SOIL NUTRIENTS
Soil nutrients is one of the means to increase agricultural and plantation production. The existence of this soil nutrients can increase agricultural and harvest yields.
Silicon (Si) is a second widespread element on the Earth. Except inert forms of Si (Quartz, glass et al.) in the nature present bio-geochemical activ Si. This form has effects of different soil processes and growth of micro-organisms and plants. The bio-geochemical is naturally more intensive then P or K cycle in the terrestrial ecosystems.
Use of soil under agricultural cultures destroys a balance of nutrients as far as their significant part is harvested with crop annually. Si, as well as other nutrients, is carried out of the soil. The removal of active Si from cropland ranges from 40 to 300 kg per ha.
Increasing si deficit causes a number of negative consequences because Silicon is not only a nutrient for plants and micro-organisms but also a constructive soil element. The lack of active Si leads to degradation of soil nutrients. Si plays important role in plant.
Silicon (Si) soil nutrients has a double effect on the soil-plant system. Firstly, improved plant Si nutrition reinforces plant protective properties against diseases, insect attack and unfavorable climatic conditions. Secondly, the soil treatment with biogeo chemically active Si substances optimizes soil fertility through improved water, physical, and chemical soil
properties and mainntaining in a plant-available form.
From 50 to 300 kg of Si from ha of cultivated area harvested with crop from arable soils annually. The lack of monosilicic acids and decreasing amorphous silica leads to destroying argano-mineral complex accelerates soil organic matter degradation, makes worse mineralogical composition. The application of silicon soil nutrients is obligatory for sustainable and highly affective africulture on any soil.
The mixture of toxic biosolids (manure, municipal wastes) with active Si can transform active and toxic pollutants to inert forms.
The application of Si soil amendment restores soil structure, increases water holding capacity (from 30 to 100%) and exchange capabilities, and increases water holding capacity (from 30 to 100%) and exchange capabilities, and increases soil erosion stability. Si helps in plant root development and can increase mass of roots from 50 to 200%.
Application of Si soil nutrients could reduce rate of irrigated water application by 30 to 40% without negative effect on plants. Together with irrigation-drainage system the application of active Si soil nutrients allows to complete
rehabilitation of salt affected soils.
The Si accumulation in epidermal tissues is formed to protect and mechanically strengthen plant tissue. Si has been demonstrated to control numerous diseases, fungi and insects attacks as effectively as pesticides and fungicides, but without negative effect on the environtment
Si soil nutrients can neutralize toxic effect of heavy metals and restore soil fertility.The numerous greenhouse and field experiments demonstrated that some Si-rich industrial by-products could be used as integral part of new technology for purification and restoration of oil and oil product polluted soils and grounds.
Si soil nutrients may alleviate salt stress in higher plants. There exist a few hypothesis, which explain Si effect on salt stress.
There possible exist five different mechanisms of AI toxicity reduction by Si-rich compounds. Lime has only one mechanism. Unfortunately lime ordolomite application result into P fication and transformation of plant-available P to plant unavailable P. Using Si-rich materials for reduction AItoxicity and pH optimization improves P plant nutrition also.
Si as soil amendment can sharply reduce nutrient leaching from sandy soils and keep nutrients in a plant-available form.
The application of silicon (Si) soil nutrients promotes transformation of plant unavailable phosphates into available forms and prevents the transformation of applied phosphate soil nutrients into immobile compounds. Slow release soil nutrients can be manufactured with using Si-rich material.
